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====== Multimedia Tools ==

Infos about howto play, edit and stream audio and video

===== Internet Radio ==
==== Play internet radio streams on the command line ==

Use ''soma'' or ''mplayer''

==== Record internet radio streams to a file ==

Just use ''curl''. The resulting file is playable with common players like mplayer, xine or vlc

===== Audo and video editing tools ==
==== ffmpeg ==
=== Install ==

To install on Slack, download from slackbuilds and build it as root using ''su -'', not only ''su''. Otherwise the build will fail because it can't find ''texi2html''.

Recommended optional packages for ffmpeg:
<code>
ffmpeg
  libass
  faac
    libmp4v2
  lame
  x264
  [x265]
</code>

Command to build the package with the optional packages enabled:

  ASS=yes FAAC=yes LAME=yes X264=yes ./ffmpeg.SlackBuild

FIXME FAAC seems not necessary any morge as of ffmpeg-3.2.4. Instead try FDK_AAC

Note: To install ffmpeg on a headless server (without X) it may be necessary to install additional stock packages first and to disable some features which are enabled by default (tested):

  slackpkg install libXi libXtst
  CACA=no OPENGL=no X11GRAB=no ASS=yes FAAC=yes LAME=yes X264=yes ./ffmpeg.SlackBuild

=== Docs ==

  - man ffmpeg
  - https://ffmpeg.org/documentation.html
  - https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-all.html
  - http://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki
  - https://www.ostechnix.com/20-ffmpeg-commands-beginners/

Note that these official docs do not contain hints about DVD ripping.

==== mencoder ==
=== Overview ==

  - mencoder uses ffmpeg
  - ffmpeg provides and uses libavcodec
  - ffmpeg seems to come from mplayer. The ffmpeg slack package points to http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu
  - libavcodec does not contain x264, it is a standalone lib
  - mencoder (as well as handbrake) [[http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/MPlayer.html#menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-codec|recommends]] to use x264 as video encoder
  - mencoder (as well as ffmpeg) probably need to be recompiled after x264 is installed. ''mencoder -ovc help'' should list x264 after recompile
  - mencoder provides [[http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/MPlayer.html#menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4|extensive doc]] about howto rip a DVD. Nothing similar found for ffmpeg yet.
  - A search for ''ffmpeg vs mencoder'' on the web shows that most people recommend mencoder, because it can do more

=== Install ==

Onboard of Slack. FIXME Probably needs to be recompiled in order to support x264

=== Docs ==

  - man menconder
  - http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/MPlayer.html
  - https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/MEncoder
  - Interesting (German) link: https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/DVDs_manuell_rippen
  - DVD auslesen: http://www.wiki.csoft.at/index.php/MEncoder_Scripts#DVD_auslesen

===== Audo and video editing by task ==
==== Get info about a media file ==

  ffprobe
  
==== Extract a section from an audio/video file ==

This cuts out 61 seconds of all.mp3, starting at 41 min 8 sec from the beginning and writes the section to the file part.mp3. Note that no mp3 encoder is necessary and there is no quality loss.

  ffmpeg -ss 41:08 -i all.mp3 -codec copy -t 61 part.mp3 

If you want to extract from the start just omit ''-ss''
If you want to extract until the end just omit ''-t'' :?:

==== Concat multiple files ==

<code mylist.txt>
# this is a comment
file '/path/to/file1'
file '/path/to/file2'
file '/path/to/file3'
</code>

  ffmpeg -f concat -i mylist.txt -c copy output

From https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Concatenate for format of ''mylist.txt''

==== Encode to x264 ==

Test shows that both commands results in 2 files with the same size and bitrate:((Bitrate can be checked with ''ffprobe''))
  ffmpeg -i IN.VOB out.mkv
  ffmpeg -i IN.VOB -c:v libx264 -preset medium -crf 23 -c:a libvorbis out.mkv

  - 2-pass encoding (-pass 1/2) needs a certain bitrate option (-b:v) as well and  seems to be useful only if you want an exact output file size.
  - Constant Rate Factor (CRF) encoding seems not te be inferior compared to 2-pass
  - crf 28 still seems to provide acceptable quality
  - A slower preset seems to provide smaller file size with same quality at the cost of a higher encoding time.
  - ''-preset slow'' helps about 5-10% compared to the ''medium'' preset
Source: http://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/H.264

Rule of thumb to save space: Make a test encoding with default values (crf=23) and than increase the crf value until quality becomes inacceptable.

Useful opts:
<code>
-tune animation - good for cartoons
-an disable audio
-vn disable video
</code>

==== Stream selection ==
Example: Select all video stream and 2nd audio stream of first (and normally only) input file:

  ffmpeg  -i input.vob -map 0:v -map 0:a:1 output.mkv
 
===== Manual DVD ripping ==
==== Copy raw Media to Disk ==

Find the right track by reading DVD content using ''lsdvd''((available on slackbuilds)). ''%%mencoder dvd:// -v -o -%%'' may be helpfull as well

Extract track n with 
  mplayer dvd://n -dumpstream -dumpfile title_n.vob [-chapter m-m]

If reading and/or extaction does not work (check for completeness, passages with garbage!) then try the following method:

==== Copy raw Media to Disk Alternative ==

Mount the DVD and check all VOB-files with mplayer (or ffplay).  Copy those you need to disk

Some VOBs have garbage at the beginning, delete it using extracting the valid section with ffmpeg (see above)

Some VOBs have garbage at the end. To cut this off, note the start offset seconds with ffprobe, eg: ''start: 4356.264000''
Then note the desired end position with mplayer via on screen display or CLI output, eg 4528
Subtraction of end from start gives the duration in seconds. Feed this to ffmpeg:
  ffmpeg -i VTS_01_4.org.VOB -codec copy -t 171.736 VTS_01_4.VOB

Create a voblist text file for concatenation. See above

==== Encode ==

  ffmpeg -i input.vob output.mkv

See above for more options

==== Todo ==

  - Chapter markers
  - subtitles
  - multiple audio tracks
  - Test ffmpeg -aspect

===== DVD ripping with HandBrake ==
==== Install ==

The easiest way by far to get copies of your DVD movies is command line app [[http://handbrake.fr/downloads2.php|HandBrake]].

The Ubuntu CLI binary (Precise) works on Slack (14.0). Just download the ''deb'' package, unpack it with ''ar -x'', untar all appearing archives and move ''HandBrakeCLI'' to ''/usr/local/bin''.

As of Slack 14.1 the Ubuntu version ''handbrake - 0.10.2ppa1~vivid1'' needs ''libass'', ''lame'' and ''x264'' from www.slackbuilds.org. And the Symlink ''libx264.so.142 -> libx264.so.146'' in ''/usr/lib(64)''.

Alternatively, as of Slack 13.0 Handbrake is available at www.slackbuilds.org. But it has many more dependencies.

<del>It has almost no dependencies(([[http://trac.handbrake.fr/wiki/SupportFAQ#contribs|The one exception is libdvdcss]])), everything is build in. Both a binary version for Linux and the source code is available.</del>

  - <del>Install libdvdcss(([[http://slackbuilds.org/result/?search=libdvdcss|Download libdvdcss]]))</del>
  - <del>Download the binary and copy it to ''/usr/local/bin''.</del>

<del>Note: As of version 0.9.4 no generic tarball is available any more. But is possible to compile the HandbrakeCLI source (tested on Slack 13.0). Note that in order to compile Handbrake you need yasm which is available on www.slackbuilds.org. Note also that the build process aborts with an error, but the CLI interface works. --- 2009-12-30</del>

<del>Note: The current binary version (0.9.3) is marked as Ubuntu Package. But it is still simply a tarball which works on Slack (tested on 13.0) ---   2009-10-14</del>

<del>A possible alternative HandBrake is [[http://applications.linux.com/article.pl?sid=06/03/22/2124208&tid=13&tid=39|Thoggen]], but it has loads of dependencies and is by far more complicated to install.</del>

==== Usage ==

Get Info about DVD:
  HandBrakeCLI -i /dev/dvd -t 0 2>err.txt
and look for the longest title.

Rip Example:
  HandBrakeCLI -i /dev/dvd -o movie.mp4 --preset=Normal --loose-anamorphic -L [-a 1[,2]] [-A Deutsch[,English]] [-s 1] [-c 3]

Possibly helpful scripts for:
  * Getting info about a dvd, save it into dvdinfo.txt and display it in your pager
  * Ripping a DVD wit reasonable default settings
are [[http://188.40.201.137/becki/sources/pack.php?n=sbhandbrake|here]]

[[http://trac.handbrake.fr/wiki/CLIGuide|CLIGuide]], [[http://www.linux.com/feature/114130|Intro]] on Linux.com, [[http://www.linux-user.de/ausgabe/2006/07/074-handbrake/|Intro]] on Linux-User (german)
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