Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

--- becki:linux:commands [2013-11-02 16:20]
becki
+++ becki:linux:commands [2024-09-09 09:23] (aktuell)
becki [VFAT Renaming]
@@ Zeile 44: / Zeile 44: @@
     zeigt (& setzt) die Hardwarezeit
     Achtung systohc ändert /etc/adjtime
+===== Users and Groups ==
+See [[Users and Groups]]
 ===== Manuals ==
@@ Zeile 155: / Zeile 159: @@
 ==== Concat pdf files ==
+''pdfunite'' from the poppler lib
+Alternatives:  ''pdfconcat'' and ''gs'':
   gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=GoCourse.pdf GoCourseDay1.pdf GoCourseDay2.pdf GoCourseDay3.pdf
-[[http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/8229-putting-together-pdf-files|Source]]
+[[http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/8229-putting-together-pdf-files|gs Source]]
 ==== Other ==
@@ Zeile 218: / Zeile 226: @@
 | -o, --owner      | preserve owner (root only) |
 | -p, --perms      | preserve permissions |
+| -P               | same as --partial --progress |
 | -r, --recursive  | recurse into directories |
 | -S, --sparse     | handle sparse files efficiently |
@@ Zeile 225: / Zeile 234: @@
 | --delete         | delete files that don't exist on the sending side |
 | --devices        | preserve device files (super-user only) |
+| --progress       | show progress during transfer |
+| --partial        | keep partially transferred files |
 | --specials       | preserve special files |
 | --stats          | give some file transfer stats |
@@ Zeile 231: / Zeile 242: @@
 <code bash>
-rsync -avze ssh lfile ruser@rhost:rdir  # copy lfile in local working directory into rdir in home dir on host
+rsync -aPSHe ssh lfile ruser@rhost:rdir  # copy lfile in local working directory into rdir in home dir on host
-rsync -avze ssh lfile ruser@rhost:/rdir # copy lfile in local working directory into rdir in root dir on host
+rsync -aPSHe ssh lfile ruser@rhost:/rdir # copy lfile in local working directory into rdir in root dir on host
-rsync -avze ssh ldir  ruser@rhost:rdir  # recursively copy ldir into rdir
+rsync -aPSHe ssh ldir  ruser@rhost:rdir  # recursively copy ldir into rdir
-rsync -avze ssh ldir/ ruser@rhost:rdir  # recursively copy the contents of ldir into rdir
+rsync -aPSHe ssh ldir/ ruser@rhost:rdir  # recursively copy the contents of ldir into rdir
-rsync -avze ssh ruser@rhost:rdir  ldir  # recursively copy remote rdir into local ldir
+rsync -aPSHe ssh ruser@rhost:rdir  ldir  # recursively copy remote rdir into local ldir
-rsync -avze ssh ruser@rhost:rdir/ ldir  # recursively copy the contents of remote rdir into local ldir
+rsync -aPSHe ssh ruser@rhost:rdir/ ldir  # recursively copy the contents of remote rdir into local ldir
 </code>
+Opts from http://mirrors.slackware.com/guidelines/
 ===== Compression and Archives ==
@@ Zeile 293: / Zeile 306: @@
 VFAT is the default file system on off the shelf memory sticks, PC- and SD-cards. Use it if you need compatibility with M$-Windows.
-''mkfs.vfat -v [-c] [-n volume-name] /dev/hde1'' - Formatiert eine PCMCIA-Karte mit msdos-FS
+''mkfs.vfat -v [-c] [-n volume-name] /dev/hde1'' - Formats a PCMCIA-card or sdcard or USB-stick with msdos-FS
-  * ''mkfs.vfat'' and ''mkfs.msdos'' are symlinks for ''mkfs.fat''
+''mkdosfs'', ''mkfs.vfat'' and ''mkfs.msdos'' are symlinks for ''mkfs.fat''
-  * ''mkfs.msdos'' was a symlink for ''mkdosfs''
-Eintrag in fstab für Windoof-Formatierte Sticks:
+Also
+Entry in ''fstab'' für vfat-formatted sticks - no necessary any more:
   /dev/sda1  /mnt/ums  vfat  noauto,user  0  0 #or
   /dev/sda1  /mnt/ums  auto  noauto,user  0  0
@@ Zeile 304: / Zeile 318: @@
 An off the shelf memory stick has a file system type ID of 6 (= FAT16). See ''fdisk -l''
+Also helpful: [[slackmirror>slackware-14.1/usb-and-pxe-installers/README_USB.TXT]]
 ==== VFAT Renaming ==
-Use [[man>dosfslabel]] (only uppercase possible)
+Use [[man>fatlabel]]
-You can rename e.g. a label in lowercase with mtools:
+Old: You can rename e.g. a label in lowercase with mtools:
   - Plug USB stick into computer and mount it if necessary
@@ Zeile 321: / Zeile 336: @@
 Linux file systems like ext3, ext4 and reiserfs are aware of the Linux protections modes (owner, group, etc.). Use it if you want exchange files between two Linus systems.
-Example formatting for ''/dev/sdb'':
+Example formatting for ''/dev/sdb1'':
-  - Set the file system typ to 83 (= Linux) with ''cfdisk /dev/sdb''.\\ (It may as well work without this step, but setting the right FS ID cannot harm.)
+  - Set the file system typ to 83 (= Linux) with ''cfdisk /dev/sdb1''.\\ (It may as well work without this step, but setting the right FS ID cannot harm.)
-  - Format the stick with: ''mkfs.ext3 -L BeckisStick''
+  - Format the stick with: ''mkfs.ext3 -L BeckisStick'' /dev/sdb1
+Sole renaming the disk label is possible with: ''e2label device new-label''. Source: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-name-label-a-partition-or-volume-on-linux
 ==== Floppies ==
@@ Zeile 370: / Zeile 386: @@
 ===== Sound ==
-  mixer: alsamixer (,rexima, amixer)
+See [[sound]]
-  rec -V -c 2 -r 22050 spanisch2.wav
-    -V fuer verbose, siehe man sox
-    -c fuer 2 Kanaele,
-    -r 22050 ist halbe Cd-Abtastrate, ausgetestet, dies führt zu einer nicht zu grossen wav-datei bei vernünftiger Qualitaet
-    xmms blur scope hilft beim einstellen des Aufnahmelevels
-    Die Aufnahme kommt über igain (rexima) rein (Slack9.0), dies auf 100% setzen und den Lautstärkelevel am Walkman einstellen
-    rec verwendet offensichtlich standardmäßig /dev/dsp als device, das es dies bei master11 nicht öffnen kann (Permission denied)
-    rec & play gehören zu sox
-  Aufnehmen mit alsa
-    arecord ist wie rec von alsa
-    alsamixer
-          Die Aufnahme kommt über Line rein. Line auf 100% & Capture auf 40% setzen, beide unmuten & beide mit Spacetaste als Aufnahemquelle auswählen.
-    arecord -v -f cd spanish3.wav
-    Lautstärkelevel am Walkman voll aufdrehen.
-==== Further Infos ==
-[[http://tuxradar.com/content/how-it-works-linux-audio-explained|Linux audio explained]], [[http://linux-sound.org|Sound Howto]]
 ===== Terminal-Emulatoren ==
@@ Zeile 470: / Zeile 466: @@
 ===== Rip DVDs ==
-Get Info about DVD:
+See [[multimedia]]
-  HandBrakeCLI -i /dev/dvd -t 0 2>err.txt
-and look for the longest title.
-Rip Example:
-  HandBrakeCLI -i /dev/dvd -o movie.mp4 --preset=Normal --loose-anamorphic -L [-a 1[,2]] [-A Deutsch[,English]] [-s 1] [-c 3]
-Possibly helpful scripts for:
-  * Getting info about a dvd, save it into dvdinfo.txt and display it in your pager
-  * Ripping a DVD wit reasonable default settings
-are [[http://188.40.201.137/becki/sources/pack.php?n=sbhandbrake|here]]
-[[http://trac.handbrake.fr/wiki/CLIGuide|CLIGuide]], [[http://www.linux.com/feature/114130|Intro]] on Linux.com, [[http://www.linux-user.de/ausgabe/2006/07/074-handbrake/|Intro]] on Linux-User (german)
 ===== OpenPGP ==
-Abstract: The sender encrypts a file with the public key of the receiver. After sending the receiver decrypts the file with his secret key. Digital Signatures are also possible. Infos from ''man pgp'' or [[http://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual.html|Manual]]
+See [[OpenPGP]]
-**Create** a new primary keypair and ''%%~/.gnupg%%'' with ''%%gpg --gen-key%%''. Keep all default values. Specifiy given name, surname, and email adress. Comment can be omitted.
-Create a [[http://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual.html#REVOCATION|revocation certificate]] with ''%%gpg --output revoke.asc --gen-revoke <mykey>%%'' to declare your public key invalid in case the private key gets lost or exposed. ''mykey'' must be a substring of the user ID which you specified at keypair cration. Copy it eg to a floppy disk and lock it.
-Optionally **list** your key(s) with ''%%gpg --list-keys%%''
-**Export** a public key (create a texfile of your public key) with  ''%%gpg --armor --export <mykey> > myFullName.asc%%''
-**Import** a foreign public key by issuing ''%%pgp --import harryHirsch.asc%%''. Check with ''%%gpg --list-keys%%''.
-**Validate** the key with ''%%gpg --edit-key Harry%%'' -> ''fpr'' -> Compare fingerprint by word of mouth -> ''sign'' -> ''check'' -> ''quit'' -> save:y
-**Encryption** of a file is done by ''%%gpg --encrypt  file%%'' and **decrpytion** by ''%%gpg --decrypt file.gpg > file%%''
-**Delete** a key with ''%%gpg --delete Harry%%''
-''kgpg'' is a graphical frontent on slackware.
 ===== Networking ==
 ==== nmap ==
-Port scanner and network exploration tool. See [[http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/290879-beginners-guide-to-nmap|Beginners guide to nmap]] -- [[http://olex.openlogic.com/wazi/2011/nmap-network-probing-cheatsheet/|Nmap Network Probing Cheatsheet]] -- [[man>nmap|Manpage]]
+Port scanner and network exploration tool. See [[http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/290879-beginners-guide-to-nmap|Beginners guide to nmap]] -- [[http://olex.openlogic.com/wazi/2011/nmap-network-probing-cheatsheet/|Nmap Network Probing Cheatsheet]] -- [[man>nmap|Manpage]] -- [[http://www.unixmen.com/10-practical-examples-linux-nmap-command/|10 Practical Examples Of Linux ‘nmap’ Command]]
 | -A | Enables OS detection (-O) and Version detection (-sV), Script scanning and Traceroute  |
@@ Zeile 522: / Zeile 488: @@
 [[man>netstat]] displays a list of open sockets (and more)
+''ss'' seems to be a newer alternative to nestat. See
+https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/106561/finding-the-pid-of-the-process-using-a-specific-port#106562
 ==== nc (netcat) ==
@@ Zeile 624: / Zeile 592: @@
 === Usage ==
-Download a file:
+Download a single file:
-  curl http://www.gnu.org/favicon.ico > favicon.ico
+<code bash>
+curl -O http://www.gnu.org/favicon.ico
+# or:
+curl http://www.gnu.org/favicon.ico > favicon.ico
+</code>
 ==== wget ==
@@ Zeile 681: / Zeile 652: @@
 traceroute - Routen von Paketen über TCP/IP-Netzwerk anzeigen
-ip - vereinigt ifconfig & route (LinuxUser 04/04 S.38)
 ifconfig
 route [-n]
+ip - vereinigt ifconfig & route ([[http://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Artikel/Print-Artikel/LinuxUser/2004/04/1x1-der-Netzwerktools|LinuxUser 04/04 S.38]] and http://www.tty1.net/blog/2010/ifconfig-ip-comparison_en.html)
+brctl delbr <networkinterface> - remove an network interface (''ifconfig <networkinterface> down'' only disables it)
 netstat [-i] - Infos zum Netzwerk
@@ Zeile 818: / Zeile 791: @@
 ===== unsorted ==
+xclip: read  text  into  X  selection (clipboard)  from  standard  input
   gnome-session - Start the window manager
@@ Zeile 886: / Zeile 861: @@
   dialog, xmessage, zenity (gdialog), kdialog
     display dialog boxes from shell scripts http://developer.kde.org/documentation/tutorials/kdialog/t1.html
-  usermod - Modify a user account (aus CVS-RCS-Howto)
-  chfn - change user name and information
-  adduser - Interactive front end to /usr/sbin/useradd for SW (Shellscript)
-  userdel - na was wohl? (aus SW-Book)
-  groupadd - Create a new group (aus SW-Book)
-  groupdel (aus SW-Book)
   dmesg - Bootmessages ausgeben

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